80 research outputs found

    The Stretch Factor of L1L_1- and L∞L_\infty-Delaunay Triangulations

    Get PDF
    In this paper we determine the stretch factor of the L1L_1-Delaunay and L∞L_\infty-Delaunay triangulations, and we show that this stretch is 4+22≈2.61\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{2}} \approx 2.61. Between any two points x,yx,y of such triangulations, we construct a path whose length is no more than 4+22\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{2}} times the Euclidean distance between xx and yy, and this bound is best possible. This definitively improves the 25-year old bound of 10\sqrt{10} by Chew (SoCG '86). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the stretch factor of the well-studied LpL_p-Delaunay triangulations, for any real p≄1p\ge 1, is determined exactly

    Framing Algorithms for Approximate Multicriteria Shortest Paths

    Get PDF

    Memoryless search algorithms in a network with faulty advice

    Get PDF
    AbstractIn this paper, we present a randomized algorithm for a mobile agent to search for an item stored at a node t of a network, without prior knowledge of its exact location. Each node of the network has a database that will answer queries of the form “how do I find t?” by responding with the first edge on a shortest path to t. It may happen that some nodes, called liars, give bad advice. We investigate a simple memoryless algorithm which follows the advice with some fixed probability q>1/2 and otherwise chooses a random edge. If the degree of each node and number of liars k are bounded, we show that the expected number of edges traversed by the agent before finding t is bounded from above by O(d+rk), where d is the distance between the initial and target nodes and r=q1−q. We also show that this expected number of steps can be significantly improved for particular topologies such as the complete graph and the torus

    Disconnected components detection and rooted shortest-path tree maintenance in networks

    Get PDF
    International audienceMany articles deal with the problem of maintaining a rooted shortest-path tree. However, after some edge deletions, some nodes can be disconnected from the connected component VrV_r of some distinguished node rr. In this case, an additional objective is to ensure the detection of the disconnection by the nodes that no longer belong to VrV_r. We present a detailed analysis of a silent self-stabilizing algorithm. We prove that it solves this more demanding task in anonymous weighted networks with the following additional strong properties: it runs without any knowledge on the network and under the \emph{unfair} daemon, that is without any assumption on the asynchronous model. Moreover, it terminates in less than 2n+D2n+D rounds for a network of nn nodes and hop-diameter DD

    Algorithme distribué d'orientation de graphes dans un environnement asynchrone et avec pannes

    Get PDF
    International audienceNous nous intĂ©ressons dans ce papier Ă  l'orientation de graphe de maniĂšre distribuĂ©e. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, nous cherchons Ă  calculer une orientation minimum, c'est-Ă -dire Ă  minimiser le degrĂ© sortant maximum d'un nƓud du graphe. Ce problĂšme d'orientation est notamment une modĂ©lisation naturelle pour des problĂšmes d'allocation de ressources. Nous prĂ©sentons l'algorithme AvrDegAsync qui fonctionne dans un environnement distribuĂ© oĂč les communications sont asynchrones et oĂč les nƓuds peuvent ĂȘtre en panne. Notre algorithme garantit une 2(2 + Δ)-approximation de l'orientation optimale en utilisant un nombre logarithmique de diffusion. De plus, il ne nĂ©cessite pas de connaissance sur le graphe comme le nombre de nƓuds ou encore sa densitĂ©

    Comment battre la marche aléatoire en comptant ?

    Get PDF
    International audienceNous Ă©tudions le problĂšme consistant Ă  trouver une destination t dans un rĂ©seau, non fiable, grĂące Ă  un agent mobile. Chaque noeud du rĂ©seau peut donner un conseil quant au prochain sommet Ă  visiter pour se rapprocher de t. Malheureusement, k noeuds, appelĂ©s menteurs, donnent de mauvais conseils. Il est connu que pour un graphe G de n sommets et de degrĂ© maximum Delta >= 3, atteindre une cible Ă  distance d de la position initiale peut demander un temps moyen de 2^{Omega(min{d,k})}, pour tout d,k=O(log n), mĂȘme lorsque G est un arbre. Ce papier Ă©tudie une stratĂ©gie, appelĂ©e R/A, utilisant un compteur (d'Ă©tapes) pour alterner entre les phases alĂ©atoires (R) oĂč l'agent choisit alĂ©atoirement une arĂȘte incidente, et celles (A) oĂč l'agent suit le conseil local. Aucune connaissance des paramĂštres n, d, ou k n'est requise, et l'agent n'a pas besoin de se rappeler par quel lien il est entrĂ© dans le sommet qu'il occupe. Nous Ă©tudions les performances de cette stratĂ©gie pour deux classes de graphes, extrĂȘmes pour ce qui est de l'expansion: les anneaux et les graphes rĂ©guliers alĂ©atoires (une importante classe d' expanders). Pour l'anneau, l'algorithme R/A requiert un temps moyen de 2d+k^{Theta(1)} (polynomial en d et k) pour une distribution des menteurs la plus dĂ©favorable. A l'opposĂ©, nous montrons que dans un anneau, une marche alĂ©atoire biaisĂ©e requiert un temps moyen exponentiel en d et k. Pour les graphes alĂ©atoires rĂ©guliers, le temps de recherche moyen de l'algorithme R/A est O(k^3 log^3 n) a.a.s.\ Le terme polylogarithmique de cette borne ne peut pas ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©, puisque nous montrons une borne infĂ©rieure de Omega(log n) pour d,k=Omega(log log n) dans les graphes alĂ©atoires rĂ©guliers a.a.s. qui s'applique mĂȘme lorsque l'agent a le sens de l'orientation

    Impact de la réplication sur la latence dans les bases de données distribuées et application à Cassandra

    Get PDF
    International audienceMinimiser la latence est un enjeu dans les bases de données distribuées. La réplication permet, selon certaines conditions , d'obtenir des gains de performance. Nous étudions des bornes théoriques et proposons un algorithme distribué d'équilibrage de charge qui s'avÚre trÚs compétitif pour la base de données distribuée NoSQL Cassandra

    Algorithme distribué pour l'extraction des fréquents maximaux

    Get PDF
    International audienceL'extraction des ensembles fréquents maximaux est un problÚme clef en fouille de données. Nous présentons dans cet article un algorithme distribué qui réalise cette tùche. Il s'agit du premier algorithme distribué avec des garanties de performance prouvées théoriquement

    How to beat the random walk when you have a clock?

    Get PDF
    We study the problem of finding a destination node tt by a mobile agent in an unreliable network having the structure of an unweighted graph, in a model first proposed by Hanusse {\it et al.}~\cite{HKK00,HKKK08}. Each node of the network is able to give advice concerning the next node to visit so as to go closer to the target tt. Unfortunately, exactly kk of the nodes, called \emph{liars}, give advice which is incorrect. It is known that for an nn-node graph GG of maximum degree Δ≄3\Delta \geq 3, reaching a target at a distance of dd from the initial location may require an expected time of 2Ω(min⁥{d,k})2^{\Omega(\min\{d,k\})}, for any d,k=O(log⁥n)d,k=O(\log n), even when GG is a tree. This paper focuses on strategies which efficiently solve the search problem in scenarios in which, at each node, the agent may only choose between following the local advice, or randomly selecting an incident edge. The strategy which we put forward, called \algo{R/A}, makes use of a timer (step counter) to alternate between phases of ignoring advice (\algo{R}) and following advice (\algo{A}) for a certain number of steps. No knowledge of parameters nn, dd, or kk is required, and the agent need not know by which edge it entered the node of its current location. The performance of this strategy is studied for two classes of regular graphs with extremal values of expansion, namely, for rings and for random \maxdeg-regular graphs (an important class of expanders). For the ring, \algo{R/A} is shown to achieve an expected searching time of 2d+kΘ(1)2d+k^{\Theta(1)} for a worst-case distribution of liars, which is polynomial in both dd and kk. For random \maxdeg-regular graphs, the expected searching time of the \algo{R/A} strategy is O(k3log⁥3n)O(k^3 \log^3 n) a.a.s. The polylogarithmic factor with respect to nn cannot be dropped from this bound; in fact, we show that a lower time bound of Ω(log⁥n)\Omega (\log n) steps holds for all d,k=Ω(log⁥log⁥n)d,k=\Omega(\log\log n) in random \maxdeg-regular graphs a.a.s.\ and applies even to strategies which make use of some knowledge of the environment. Finally, we study oblivious strategies which do not use any memory (in particular, with no timer). Such strategies are essentially a form of a random walk, possibly biased by local advice. We show that such biased random walks sometimes achieve drastically worse performance than the \algo{R/A} strategy. In particular, on the ring, no biased random walk can have a searching time which is polynomial in dd and $k

    Algorithmes de routage (de la réduction des coûts de communication à la dynamique)

    Get PDF
    RĂ©pondre Ă  des requĂȘtes de routage requiert que les entitĂ©s du rĂ©seau, nommĂ©es routeurs, aient une connaissance Ă  jour sur la topologie de celui-ci, cette connaissance est appelĂ©e table de routage. Le rĂ©seau est modĂ©lisĂ© par un graphe dans lequel les noeuds reprĂ©sentent les routeurs, et les arĂȘtes les liens de communication entre ceux ci.Cette thĂšse s intĂ©resse au calcul des tables de routage dans un modĂšle distribuĂ©.Dans ce modĂšle, les calculs sont effectuĂ©s par un ensemble de processus placĂ©s sur les noeuds. Chaque processus a pour objectif de calculer la table de routage du noeud sur lequel il se trouve. Pour effectuer ce calcul les processus doivent communiquer entre eux. Dans des rĂ©seaux de grande taille, et dans le cadre d un calcul distribuĂ©, le maintien Ă  jour des tables de routage peut ĂȘtre coĂ»teux en terme de communication. L un des thĂšmes principaux abordĂ©s et celui de la rĂ©duction des coĂ»ts de communication lors de ce calcul. L une des solutions apportĂ©es consisteĂ  rĂ©duire la taille des tables de routage, permettant ainsi de rĂ©duire les coĂ»ts de communication. Cette stratĂ©gie classique dans le modĂšle centralisĂ© est connue sous le nom de routage compact. Cette thĂšse prĂ©sente notamment un algorithme de routage compact distribuĂ© permettant de rĂ©duire significativement les coĂ»ts de communication dans les rĂ©seaux tels que le rĂ©seau internet, i.e. le rĂ©seau des systĂšmes autonomes ainsi que dans des rĂ©seaux sans-Ă©chelle. Ce document contient Ă©galement une Ă©tude expĂ©rimentale de diffĂ©rents algorithmes de routage compact distribuĂ©s.Enfin, les problĂšmes liĂ©s Ă  la dynamique du rĂ©seau sont Ă©galement abordĂ©s. PlusprĂ©cisĂ©ment le reste de l Ă©tude porte sur un algorithme auto-stabilisant de calcul d arbre de plus court chemin, ainsi que sur l impact de la suppression de noeuds ou d arĂȘtes sur les tables de routage stockĂ©es aux routeurs.In order to respond to routing queries, the entities of the network, nammedrouters, require to have a knowledge concerning the topology of the network, thisknowledge is called routing table. The network is modeled by a graph in whichnodes represent routers and edges represent communication links between nodes.This thesis focuses on routing tables computation in a distributed model. In thismodel, computations are done by a set of process placed on nodes. Every processhas for objective to compute the routing table of the node on which he is placed.To perform this computation, processes have to communicate with each other. Inlarge scale network, in the case of a distributed computation, maintaining routingtables up to date can be costly in terms of communication. This thesis focuses mainlyon the problem of communication cost reduction. One of the solution we proposeis to reduce routing tables size which allow to reduce communication cost. In thecentralised model this strategy is well known under the name of compact routing.This thesis presents in particular a distributed compact routing algorithm that allowsto reduce significantly the communication costs in networks like Internet, i.e. theautonomous systems network and others networks that present scale-free properties.This thesis also contains an experimental study of several distributed compact routingalgorithms. Finally, some problems linked to network dynamicity are addressed.More precisely, the problem of network deconnexion during a shortest path treecomputation with auto-stabilisation guaranties, together with a study of the impactof several edges or nodes deletion on the state of the routing tables.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF
    • 

    corecore